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| 当前面的元音是非重读元音时，f，θ和x进一步变化成b，d和g。
Verner's Law says that voiceless fricatives, when immediately following an unstressed syllable in the same word, underwent voicing.
centum -> hundred
PIE upo -> over
PIE apo -> off
中元音2个: / ә / / ә: /
后元音6个: / u / / u: / / ɔ / / ɔ: / / Λ / / a: /
前元音4个: / i: / / i / / e / / æ /
i-umlaut(i-mutation), a-mutation, u-mutation
唇 b p m f
齿 d t n l
硬腭 dʒ s tʃ
软腭 g k h
Green's Low
b -> p -> f
d -> t -> th
g -> k -> h
a - e - i - o - u
t - d - s 前齿音
b - p - m - f - v - d 前唇音
u - v - w
g - k/c - h 喉音
l - m - n - r 鼻音 侧音
s - c - z
r - s - t
b - d
m - w
y - g
y - j
g - w
ad-vjpm
a*-bcfglnqrst
a-sp,sc,st
sub-btnm
su*-cfgpc
ab: abs,aps,as,au,a
con: cog,col,com,cor,co
in: im,il,ir,ig
en: em
syn: sym,sy
ob: oc,of,op,o
trans: tran,tra
dis: dif,dir,di
ex: ef,e,ec,es
drag=trac(t)
break=frac(t)
make=fact
miss=mit
pend=pens
grad=gress 走
hundred=centi
hand=chir
hard=crac
carve=gram,graph |
